What is the first step in managing an infant who is experiencing respiratory distress?

In managing an infant who is experiencing respiratory distress, the first and most critical step is to assess the airway. This step is essential because the airway is the most vital aspect to consider when a patient is having difficulty breathing. Determining whether the airway is patent or obstructed allows for appropriate interventions to be initiated. If the airway is compromised, addressing that issue is paramount before any other actions, such as administering oxygen or starting IV fluids.

Once the airway assessment is complete, the healthcare provider can determine the necessary next steps based on the findings. This may involve clearing any obstructions, positioning the infant to facilitate breathing, and providing oxygen if necessary.

The rationale for addressing the airway first stems from the ABCs of resuscitation—Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. In emergencies, the airway takes precedence, as an unobstructed airway is crucial for adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Providing oxygen or calling for emergency support, while important, would be premature without first ensuring that the airway is secure.